GAFM GLOBAL ACADEMY OF FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT  ®

Investors need to be cautious with any advisors making promises that are too good to be true. Be careful of advisors who have an allegiance to institutions and fees, rather than individual clients. Common sense and a second opinion are valuable faculties. 

11.  Security Analysis for the Lay Investor: General Approach

There are a multitude of mathematical tools that have been created to aid in securities analysis. There are: online analysis, online charts, online equations and ratios, computer analysis, software, charts, SEC reports and other reports that are available online. 

12.  Things to Consider About Earnings

Earnings per share (or “EPS”) is an important and widely used figure but subject to manipulation. EPS types are “Primary” and “Diluted” EPS. Certain precautions, such as averaging out diluted EPS, can lessen the risk. 

13.  Chapter 13 - A Comparison of Four Listed Companies

Graham utilizes a process for assessing the relative strength and valuation of 4 companies and his analysis and methodology takes the profitability, stability, and price of the corporations into consideration along with various factors.

14.  Chapter 14 - Stock Selection for the Defensive Investor

Value investing is focused on quantitative analysis of past and present information, with the goal of minimizing investment errors.